- · pdf file . 16 od[ &wempmay ak'¨omoemjykyk¾kdvfausmf temg&du "r®ygv...

http://www.cherrythitsar.org

\
\
\
\ c
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\ 3
\
\ 3
\
\ ;
\
w
\
\

oD[&wempmtkyf - (56)
- bmoma&;pmpOf -
xbr
2003 ckESpf? atmufwdkbmv

rmwdum
vlxka':trm\ trSm-pum;OD; -
1/ tem*g&du"rygv\ ZmwdXmae arG;&yfajr 192/ "rygv i,fpOfumv ausmif;aep 243/ awmufrnfhrD;cJ w&J&J 314/ a';ApfrS "rygvodkY 435/ r[maAm"d toif;wnfaxmifjcif;ESifh 46
yGJOD;xGufajcvSrf;6/ pma&;ol\ udk,fawGUrsufjrifAk'*,m 577/ r[maAm"d*sme,f 618/ "rygv tar&duefEdkifiHpHknDvmcHodkY 70
wufa&mufjcif;9/ aumif;usdK;rsm;om 1893 ckESpf 77
10/ r[maAm"d wefaqmif;awmftrIBuD; 8111/ "rygvolawmfpifESifh oDaygrif; 9212/ "rygvbufrS [dELvlBuD;rsm; 10813/ rd*'g0kef rlv*Euk#D 0d[m& 11214/ ausmif;awmfBuD;zGifhyGJ 11715/ jA[pm&D "rygvESifh jA[pm&D&aoBuD;OD;cED 12816/ "rygvt&Sif\ ae0ifcsdef 13217/ "rygvt&SifodkY *kPfjyKMujcif; 138

10
oD[&wempmay
Ak'omoemjyKyk*dKvfausmf tem*g&du "rygv
vlxka':trm&JU trSm
a&Tbdka':rdrdBuD;u uRefrudk olYpmtkyf ]]tem*g&du "rygv}}rSm uRefru trSma&;ay;ygvdkY ajymvmygw,f/ oleJY uRefreJYu uRefrwdkYtdrfaxmifuspuwnf;u oduRrf;cifrifvmMuwmyg/ nDtpfrwpfrQygyJ/ OD;vSeJU olYcifyGef; OD;azwifeJYu i,fuwnf;u cifvmolawGudk;/'gayr,fh olpma&;vmwJhtcg olYpmtkyfawGu 1981 ckESpfrSm pmya'omqk? 1991 ckESpfrSm jrefrmh,Ofaus;rIeJY tEkynmpmayqk? 1993 ckESpfujrefrmh,Ofaus;rIeJY tEkynmqdkif&m trsdK;om;pmayqkawG? 1994 ckESpfrSm pmayAdrmef yxrqkeJY yckuL OD;tkef;azqkawG &&dScJhzl;ayr,fh uRefrudk ckvdk wpfcgrS trSmpma&;ay;ygvdkY b,fpmtkyfrSmrS rcdkif;vmzl;ygbl;/ 'DpmtkyfusrS xl;xl;jcm;jcm;/
NyD;awmh ola&;wJhpmtkyfu ]]tem*g&du "rygv}}wJh/ uRefru'Demrnfudk uav;uwnf;u Mum;zl;aewmyg/ uRefrtazu oufowfvGwf OD;ausmfvSeJY AspfpufHku OD;beJY pmtkyfvJzwfaeus/ uRefrudktazu pmtkyftydkYt,lcdkif;wdkif; 'D 2ESpftdrfudk oGm;aeus/ oufowfvGwf

oD[&wempmay
a&TbdkrdrdBuD; 11
OD;ausmfvStdrfa&muf&if tem*g&du "rygvqdkwJh 'Demrnf tNrJawGUaeus/ EdkifiHjcm;u Ak'bmomwpfa,mufyJvdkYvnf; odaew,f/ 'dxufawmhbmrSydkrodygbl;/ uRefrwdkYu i,fi,fu oufowfvGwf OD;ausmfvSudkAk'bmomudk t*Fvdyfvdk udk;uG,fwJhvlBuD;vdkYyJ atmufarhxm;wmav/a':rdrdBuD;u olYpmtkyfu 'Dyk*dKvftaMumif;wJh qdkawmh uRefru ]]&Sif'DtaMumif;udk bmhaMumifha&;wmvJ}} vdkY ar;rdw,f/ a':rdrdBuD; tdEd,udk bk&m;zl;oGm;zl;wmudk;/ tJ'DrSm tem*g&du "rygv&JU omoemjyKvkyfief;awGeJY xdawGUvmcJh&vdkY olu 'Dyk*dKvfudk pdwf0ifpm;NyD; pmtkyfwpftkyfjzpfatmif a&;wmyg/
olt&ifu a&;cJhwJhpmtkyfawGu (1) rif;vuf0g; (2) avSoif;twGif;0ef OD;a&Tarmif? (3) a&Tjynf0efBuD; OD;bdk;vddIif? (4) ukef;abmifjzL0ef;rdk; (tavmif;rif;w&m;BuD;taMumif;) qdkwJh pmtkyfawGu uRefrwdkYwpf0ufwpfysuf odxm;wmawGudk pHkpHkvifvif cdkifcdkifvHkvHk a&a&&m&m odvmatmif a&;jyoGm;cJgw,fav/
a':rdrdBuD;u pmtkyfa&;&if olYpmtkyfxJygwJh tcsuftvufawGudk xkxkxnfxnf cdkifcdkifrmrmawGjzpfatmif &SmazGazmfjywwfw,f/ ck'DpmtkyfrSmawmh uRefrolYudk csD;rGrf;rdwmwpfck&dSao;w,f/ olawmfpiftem*g&du "rygvudk uRefrwdkY &aohudk,fawmfBuD; OD;cEDeJY EdIif;,SOfjyxm;yHkudkav/ [kwfwmaygh/ 'Dyk*dKvfESpfOD;rSm wlnDcsufawG trsm;BuD;&dSwmyJ[m/ omoemawGudk MunfndKwm? wpfoufyefvHk; omoemhtvkyfudkyJ vkyfaqmifoGm;awmhwm? &GufaqmifcsufawG xkxkxnfxnfcdkifcdkifrmrm usef&pfwm? vlawGudk tusdK;jyKyHk BuD;rmwmawGrSm awmfawmfwlwmyJ/
a':rdrdBuD; tckvdk tem*g&du "rygvtaMumif;udk av;av;pm;pm;eJY tyifyef;cHNyD; &SmazGa&;om;wJhtwGuf olYuavmifudk aus;Zl;wif&ygw,f/
uRefrtaz&JU rdwfaqGBuD; oufowfvGwf OD;ausmfvSudkvnf;

12
oD[&wempmay
xl;xl;vnfvnf owd&rdygw,f/ OD;ausmfvSom&dS&if a':rdrdBuD;udk olupmeJYayeJY a&;NyD; csD;usL;&if; 0rf;ajrmufaus;Zl;wifwJhtaMumif; ajymaerSmyg/ NyD;awmh a':rdrdBuD; &vdkwJhtcsuftvufawG olYqDrSm oGm;awmif;&if olpkaqmif;xm;wJh pmtkyfpmwrf;awGxJu trsm;BuD;ay;rSmyg/
a':rdrdBuD;&JU BudK;pm;rIudk om"kac:ygw,f/ aemufvnf; pmawGa&;EdkifygapOD;/

oD[&wempmay
a&TbdkrdrdBuD; 13
aus;Zl;pum; vd ktyfonf h pmtky frsm;csD;jrifhMuaom? tdEd,EdkifiH? e,l;a'vDNrdKUrS q&mawmf OD;okE&ESifh rEav;NrdKUjrif;0efausmif;wdkuf a&SUausmif;q&mawmf OD;okwmvuFm&t&SifwdkYtm; aus;Zl;wifpum; avQmufMum;tyfygonf/
a&TbdkrdrdBuD;

14
oD[&wempmay
pum;OD;
EdkifiHwum&dS vlrsdK;toD;oD;wGif ,HkMunfudk;uG,f&m bmomt,l0g' trsm;tjym;&dSaomfvnf;? y"mebmom&yfBuD; (4)rsdK;om &dSygonf/ ay:xGef;&m ou&mZftpOftwdkif; qdk&aomf [dELbmom? Ak'bmom? c&pf,mefbmomESifh tpvmrfbmomrsm; jzpfavonf/
tm&SwGif Ak'bmomudk;uG,faom EdkifiHtawmfrsm;rsm;&dSaomfjim;? wpfEdkifiHESifhwpfEdkifiH &[ef;rsm;0wfHkaom ouFef;ta&mifrSp udk;uG,fqnf;uyfyHkenf;pepf? apmifhxdrf;tyfaom odumyk'f? owfrSwfaom usifhpOfrsm;um;? tm;vkH;wpfajy;nDr[kwf/ odkYjcm;em;&jcif;rSmEdkifiH\ bom0&moDOwkt&vnf;aumif;? vlrsdK;\ dk;&m"avhxHk;pHrsm;t&vnf;aumif; jzpfzG,f&dSygonf/ Ak'omoemwGif ax&0g' *dkPf;0ifoHCmawmfrsm;onf txl;cReftxufjrufqHk; jzpfonf[k EdkifiHwumtzGJUtpnf;rsm;u todtrSwfjyK vufcHxm;MuaMumif; od&ygonf/
omoemawmf oHk;&yf&dS&mwGif t&if;cHjzpfaom y&d,wdomoemt&mwGif jrefrmEdkifiHrS ax&f&0g' *dkPf;0if oHCmawmfrsm;rS

oD[&wempmay
a&TbdkrdrdBuD; 15
yd#uwfoHk;yHkudk EIwfvGwftm*HkaqmifEdkifaom wdyd#u"& &[ef;rsm;?jrefrmEdkifiH tqufrjywfqdkavmufatmif ay:xGef;vsuf&dSaMumif;onfvnf; tjcm;aom Ak'bmom0ifEdkifiHrsm; tv,fwGif owif;jyefYvSygonf/
omoemawmf pnfyifxGef;um;aponfh taMumif;trsdK;rsdK;&dSonfhteuf bk&m;&SifESifhvnf;aumif;? w&m;awmfESifhvnf;aumif;?vlom;wdkYtm; qufoG,faygif;ul;ay;ayaom omoemh0efxrf; &[ef;awmfrsm;\ BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrI? jynfoltrsm;u udk;uG,fylaZmfrI[laomtaMumif;ESpfcsufrQjzifh rNyD;ao;yg? ratmifjrifEdkifao;yg/ EdkifiHOD;avQmifjzpfaom rif;tpdk;&udk,fwdkifuyg tm;ay;csD;ajrmufjcif; cH,l&ygrSompnfyifxGef;awmufEdkifjcif;jzpfygonf/
rif;\ tmPmpuf rnfrQxufjrufonfqdkygrl vGefcJhaomESpfaygif; (2300)cefYu? rZdra'oac: tdEd,EdkifiHrS tmaomurif;BuD;onf ol\ tmPmpufjzifh Ak'omoemawmf jyefYyGm;atmif aqmif&GufawmfrlaomaMumifh tdEd,? od[dkVfEdkifiHrStp ta&SUwdkif;EdkifiHtcsdKUrSmygxGef;um;vm&jcif; taMumif;&if;rSm rif;tpdk;&wdkY b,favmuf tusdK;jyKEdkifaMumif; odomyg\/ odkYpGrf;aqmifEdkifaomaMumifh omoemh'g,umbk&ifrif;jrwf[l trTrf;wif oHk;EIef;jcif;rsm;udk r[m&mZ0iftapmifapmifwGif awGUjrif&pNrJjzpfavonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif yk*HacwfrSp ukef;abmifacwfaemufydkif; a&mifcsdeftxd? rif;aumif;tcsdKUu omoemawmfjyefYyGm;atmif vkyfaqmifMu&mwGif tdEd,EdkifiH r[maAm"dawmfBuD;odkYyif a&mufatmif apwD,*FP 0wfudk jyKaqmifcJhMuayonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHonf jAdwdoQwdkYvufodkY a&mufNyD; jrefrmrif;r&dSawmhonfh tcgwGifrlomoemawmfonf qkwf,kwftm;enf; oGm;&avonf/
odkYjynfwGif;wGif omoem dI;EGrf;aeapumrl taemufOa&mywpfcGifwGif ax&f&0g' Ak'bmom\ tajccH t"dym,frsm;udk &dyfpm;em;vnfapEdkifaom t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh a&;om;xm;onfh pmtkyftcsdKU

16
oD[&wempmay
pwif0ifa&mufp jyKaeavNyD/ rpwm [m'D a&;aom pmtkyfonf? (1860) ckESpfwGif xkwfa0ojzifhtapmqHk;avmufjzpfEdkifrnf[k ,lq&ygonf/ (1897) ckESpfwGifqmtuf'0iftm;Edk;a&; ]]tm&S\ tvif;a&mif;}} pmtkyfBuD; ay:xGufvm&m ,if;pmtkyfonf vlodtrsm;qHk;? jyefYESHUrItwGifus,fqHk; pmtkyfjzpfvmav\/
pmtkyftcsdKUaMumifh taemufOa&mywGif-]]Ak'bmom[lonf aumif;aom t,l0g'w&yfjzpfaMumif;}}
pwiftodtrSwfjyKvmaom tcsdef[k ,lq&ygonf/ xdkumvydkif;um;jrefrmEdkifiH &wemyHk rEav;aejynfawmf rif;wkef;rif;BuD; eef;pHaeaomtcsdefjzpfonf/
jrefrmEdkifiHatmufydkif;ESifh &cdkifjynfe,fwkYdtm; (1852) ckESpfut*Fvdyf-jrefrm yxrppfyGJtNyD; ay;tyfvdkuf&NyD;jzpfaomaMumifht*Fvdydkife,fjzpfvsuf&dSaeayNyD/ odkY&dS&mwGif t*Fvdyftpdk;&ESifhtwlxufMuyfygvmaom omoemjyKtzGJUrsm;u ,if;wdkY c&pf,mefomoemudk pepfwus ysdK;axmifjyKpkcJhMuojzifh weoFm&Dwdkif;wGif tawmfyiftajccsEdkifaeacsNyD/
xdkYaemuf (1855)ckESpf oDaygrif;vufxufwGifrl jrefrmEdkifiHtxufydkif;yg t*Fvdyfvufatmufusa&mufoGm;avonf/ ,if;umvESifh ra&S;raESmif;[k qdk&rnfhESpfydkif;wGif vlrsdK;jcm;xJrS Ak'bmomudkouf0if,HkMunf taemufOa&myEdkifiHrsm;odkY oGm;a&mufNyD; Ak'omoemjyKtvkyfudkaqmif&Gufaom yk*dKvftcsdKU &dSvmjcif;udkvnf; rSwfrdorQazmfjyygOD;rnf/ (1902)ckESpf jrefrmjynfa&muf t*FvdyfvlrsdK; ]]tvif;bJeuf}} onf Ak'omoemwGif ouf0if,HkMunfrIjzifh &[ef;jyKNyD; tmeEm raw;,sbGJUcH,lonf/ xdkYaemuf Ak'pmayusrf;*efrsm;udk (6)ESpfwmrQ avhvmoifMum;NyD;v

- · pdf file . 16 od[ &wempmay ak'¨omoemjykyk*¾kdvfausmf tem*g&du "r®ygv...

Documents

- · pdf file . 16 od[ &wempmay ak'¨omoemjykyk¾kdvfausmf temg&du "r®ygv...